Thursday, December 15, 2016

School Readings Analyzes and Review: The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye

In my AP English Class we had the pleasure of reading The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye.  I say that completely truthfully, I really loved both of them.  In this blog I am going to post the essays I was required to write by my English teacher and then a brief statement of my feelings.

Essay:


The Great Gatsby and its Relevancy in Reference to Today’s Social Issues
            The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is a great American novel written in 1925.  The protagonist is named Nick Carraway and the story follows his experiences for a summer of living amongst the rich.  The novel covers topics such as identity, marriage/love versus lust, classicism, alcoholism, women’s rights, abuse, transportation, corruption, and wealth. One prominent theme that stuck out clearly to me is the correlation between one’s identity and their class. The character’s class and/or what class they long to be in define who they are and how they act, specifically amongst the rich.
            Two situations that really stuck out to me characterising how the rich act, are Gatsby’s party in chapter three and the scene where Gatsby gets out of a speeding ticket.  In both situations there is a sense of entitlement.  At the party people just show up uninvited not even knowing anything about the host. In reference to the people at the party the novel says, “Sometimes they came and went without having met Gatsby at all.” (Fitzgerald, 45) They aren’t there to see the host, they just feel entitled to a good time. They don't seem to care about anyone but themselves.  There is also Gatsby who gets caught speeding but simply for being wealthy and knowing the right people he gets out of it. All Gatsby has to do to get out of his ticket is show the policeman a picture, “Taking a white card from his wallet he waved it before the man’s eyes.” (Fitzgerald, 74).  A middle or lower class person can not just wave a white card and get out of a speeding ticket.  I think it speaks to how the world idolizes money. I found that scene specifically interesting since later in the book we find out Gatsby is breaking the law to make his money yet his money gets him out of trouble with the law. It just goes to show if you have money you have power and if you have power you are going to act more entitled.
            One character that really embodies money, greed, and how it affects who a person is is Daisy.  One thing that really defines Daisy is how she chose to marry Tom instead of waiting for Gatsby to return from the war. Tom was her easy answer because he was there and rich, two things Gatsby was not. She claims to love Gatsby, as proven through her interactions with him after chapter five and how she acted the night before her wedding, but in the end she betrays him. She lets him take the fall for Myrtle's death.  Then when he dies she does not even attend his funeral.  She is very entitled and greedy.  She never cared about Gatsby, for her, it was always about money and the sense of security that came with it.   
The problems among the upper class of The Great Gatsby are still problems today as proved in a study done by US psychologist Paul Piff, "As people grow wealthier, they are more likely to feel entitled, to become meaner and become meaner and more likely to exploit others, even to cheat." In the same study, he found,“The richest students were more likely to consider ‘stealing or benefiting from things to which they were not entitled’ than those from a middle-class or lower-class background.”  The rich feel entitled which, according to an article from Time Magazine, “could perpetuate a deepening lack of empathy that could fuel narcissistic tendencies.”  One thing that stuck out to me about this quote is the lack of empathy.  It reminded me of how after Gatsby dies everyone goes back to their lives uneffected. Only Nick, Mr. Gatz, Owl Eyes and Gatsby's servants attend the funeral.  The others all abandon him in his death.  People felt entitled to Gatsby for a good time.  They never cared about him.  It was all about his money and his parties.  
The Great Gatsby is an amazing novel pointing out the problems with the upperclass.  Fitzgerald points out the emotional withdraw, greed, and entitlement of the upperclass. And although the novel was written a little under a century ago, the social commentary still applies.  Fitzgerald recognizes the appeal of money but warns against throwing ourselves into the American Dream because of the corruption that comes with it.  I personally felt he wanted you to realize how money in the end really means nothing, that the most important thing is making connecctions with people. 
Sources:
  • Manne, Anne. "The Age of Entitlement: How Wealth Breeds Narcissism | Anne Manne." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 2014. Web. 06 Sept. 2016.
Szalavitz, Maia, and Maia Szalavitz. "Wealthy Selfies: How Being Rich Increases Narcissism | TIME.com." Time. Time, n.d. Web. 06 Sept. 2016.

Review:

This book has one one of the most beautiful thing I have ever read, "The most grotesque and fantastic conceits haunted him in his bed at night. A universe of ineffable gaudiness spun itself out in his brain while the clock ticked on the washstand and the moon soaked with wet light his tangled clothes upon the floor. Each night he added to the pattern of his fancies until drowsiness closed down upon some vivid scene with an oblivious embrace.  For a while there reveries provided an outlet for his imagination; they were a satisfactory hint of the unreality of reality, a promise that the rock of the world was founded securely on a fairy's wing." 
I just love this paragraph so much! I think its so beautiful.  I have it hanging on a bulletin board in my room. It just has such vivid imagery.  And I relate a little bit because I fall asleep to day dreams. 
I LOVE THIS BOOK SO MUCH! It is so beautifully written and all the messages in it are so true! It's so heart breaking in its reality! I highly recommend it though I assume if you've made it this far then you already have. 

Essay: 

Rhetorical Strategies in the Catcher in the Rye
            The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger, written in 1951, is often taught in high schools because of its commentary on adolescence, authenticity, and self identity. The book is told from the perspective of Holden Caulfield.  Holden tells the reader the story of a weekend bumming around New York City that contributed to him ending up in a mental hospital. Salinger employed many different rhetorical strategies to express the struggles of adolescence including, figurative language, motifs, and a unique writing technique.
            Salinger employed a lot of figurative language. He used symbolism in objects or places such as the red hunting hat, the carousel, and the Museum of Natural History.  He also employed things like irony and allusions.  One prominent example of both allusion and symbolism is the novel’s title, the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger draws this title from Robert Burns poem Comin Thro’ the Rye. He also uses it to get across one of the main points in his book. The poem says, “If a body meet a body comin thro’ the rye.” (Burns) but Holden mistakes the lyrics as if a body catch a body. When talking to his sister about what he wants to be he says, “‘I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all.  Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around-nobody big I mean-except me.  And I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff.  What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.” (Salinger, 191) In this Salinger uses symbolism.  By Holden saying he wants to be the “catcher in the rye” he is really saying he wants to protect the children from the adult world.  This is further supported when Holden is at his sister’s, Phoebe, elementary school and he sees the word f--- you written on the wall. Holden said, “It drove me damn near crazy. I thought how Phoebe and all the other little kids would see it, and how they’d wonder what the hell it meant, and then finally some dirty kid would tell them-all cockeyed, naturally-what it means, and how they’d all think about it and maybe worry about it for a couple of days.”  He doesn’t want the kids to worry about the adult world like he has to. He wants things to stay the same and not have to face the adult world.  Salinger is trying to show the feeling of impending doom and anxiety that can come along with adolescence, growing up, and entering the scary adult world.  
            Another way Salinger got his message across was using motifs.  The most notable being sexuality. Throughout the novel Holden often brings up his infatuation with women, how sexual his peers are, and his virginity. It is used to emphasize two things, Holden’s fear for change and the appeal yet fear of the unknown adult world.  Probably the most famous scene of this novel occurs in chapter 13 when Holden orders a prostitute at a hotel. While preparing for her to come up, Holden gives us this information, “I was starting to feel pretty sexy and all, but I was a little nervous anyway.  If you want to know the truth, I’m a virgin. I really am.” (Salinger, 103) Once the prostitute arrives Holden second guesses his decision and doesn’t end up having sex with the prostitute. He ends up saying “‘Don’t you feel like talking for a while?’ I asked her. It was a childish thing to say but I was feeling so damn peculiar. ‘Are you in a very big hurry?’” (Salinger, 106)  Holden is nervous about losing his virginity. He is very innocent and has this romanticized way of looking at the world.  One word to focus on is the last bit of dialogue is hurry. Salinger is commenting on the hurry for adolescents to grow up and face the world unprepared.
Salinger employed a specific writing technique to achieve his purpose.  The story is written as a flash back and as a stream of consciousness.  Holden writes what he feels is appropriate and he does so unapologetically. For example the novel opens with Holden saying, “If you really want to hear about it, the first thing you’ll probably want to know is where I was born, and what my lousy childhood was like, and how my parents were occupied and all before they had me, and all that David Copperfield kind of crap, but I don’t feel like going into it, if you want to know the truth.” (Salinger, 3) proving he is writing only what he views as important. It allows for Holden’s true thoughts the be exposed with no filter. It allows for Salinger to show Holden’s innocence and fear for the adult world.  Using this technique Salinger is able to show not only how the “phony” adult world treats Holden but what it does to him mentally.          
            Salinger employed many different rhetorical strategies to express the struggles of adolescence including, figurative language, motifs, and a unique writing technique in The Catcher in the Rye. The novel is a beautifully complex coming of age story about the pressures of growing up and the kind of world you have to face as an adult. It is about struggles teenagers can still relate to today.  There are no instructions or warnings for adolescents entering the adult world. It is full of phonies and corruptions.  Salinger recognized the struggles teenagers must face.  Yet even though in the end Holden ended up in a mental hospital, Salinger gives the reader a glimmer of hope in the second to last chapter when Holden says, “My hunting hat really gave me quite a lot of protection, in a way, but I got soaked anyways. I didn’t care, though. I felt so damn happy all of a sudden, the way old Phoebe kept going around and around. I was damn near bawling, I felt so damn happy, if you want to know the truth.” Salinger wanted the world to know that even though the adult world is dark and scary there is a chance of happiness. That there is a time and place for innocence and there is nothing wrong with wanting to be the catcher in the rye.  

Review:

I think this book is so underrated.  I swear 9 out of 10 people I've talked to didn't like this book and that is crazy to me! I really love the stream of consciousness, passive voice writing style. I think it breeds sympathy in the reader. And as a teenager I really related to the fear of adulthood and loosing your innocence.  I really love coming of age stories, A Separate Peace is my favorite! I think I like them because I had a traumatic experience that snapped me into the harsh reality of the world when I was twelve and these books explain my emotions I felt.  I didn't push anyone of a tree or go crazy as my traumatic experience, I think I'll write a blog posted about what happened at a later date. Anyways, while I think not all teenagers are crazy I think our fears and strong emotions are accurately voiced in The Catcher in the Rye and I really loved it. 

I hope you have a fantastic day,

Megan 

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